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DISABLE PLUGIN SCAN FOR REASON 9.5 MOVIE
If the trusted site is vulnerable to the vector, clicking the link can cause the victim's browser to execute the injected script.Ī persistent cross-zone scripting vulnerability coupled with a computer worm allowed execution of arbitrary code and listing of filesystem contents via a QuickTime movie on MySpace. The bait is an innocent-looking URL, pointing to a trusted site but containing the XSS vector. Ī reflected attack is typically delivered via email or a neutral web site. If this response does not properly escape or reject HTML control characters, a cross-site scripting flaw will ensue. A classic example of a potential vector is a site search engine: if one searches for a string, the search string will typically be redisplayed verbatim on the result page to indicate what was searched for.
DISABLE PLUGIN SCAN FOR REASON 9.5 SERIAL
īecause HTML documents have a flat, serial structure that mixes control statements, formatting, and the actual content, any non-validated user-supplied data included in the resulting page without proper HTML encoding, may lead to markup injection. HTML form submission), is used immediately by server-side scripts to parse and display a page of results for and to that user, without properly sanitizing the content. These holes show up when the data provided by a web client, most commonly in HTTP query parameters (e.g. The non-persistent (or reflected) cross-site scripting vulnerability is by far the most basic type of web vulnerability. Non-persistent XSS vulnerabilities in Google could allow malicious sites to attack Google users who visit them while logged in. Some sources further divide these two groups into traditional (caused by server-side code flaws) and DOM-based (in client-side code). There is no single, standardized classification of cross-site scripting flaws, but most experts distinguish between at least two primary flavors of XSS flaws: non-persistent and persistent. Cross-site scripting flaws have since surpassed buffer overflows to become the most common publicly reported security vulnerability, with some researchers in 2007 estimating as many as 68% of websites are likely open to XSS attacks. Prominent sites affected in the past include the social-networking sites Twitter andįacebook. XSS vulnerabilities have been reported and exploited since the 1990s. The definition gradually expanded to encompass other modes of code injection, including persistent and non-JavaScript vectors (including ActiveX, Java, VBScript, Flash, or even HTML scripts), causing some confusion to newcomers to the field of information security. The expression "cross-site scripting" originally referred to the act of loading the attacked, third-party web application from an unrelated attack-site, in a manner that executes a fragment of JavaScript prepared by the attacker in the security context of the targeted domain (taking advantage of a reflected or non-persistent XSS vulnerability). Microsoft security-engineers introduced the term "cross-site scripting" in January 2000. Cross-site scripting attacks are a case of code injection.
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By finding ways of injecting malicious scripts into web pages, an attacker can gain elevated access-privileges to sensitive page content, to session cookies, and to a variety of other information maintained by the browser on behalf of the user. When the resulting combined content arrives at the client-side web browser, it has all been delivered from the trusted source, and thus operates under the permissions granted to that system. Exploiting one of these, attackers fold malicious content into the content being delivered from the compromised site. Ĭross-site scripting attacks use known vulnerabilities in web-based applications, their servers, or the plug-in systems on which they rely. Content from URLs where any of these three attributes are different will have to be granted permissions separately.
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This essentially states that if content from one site (such as ) is granted permission to access resources (like cookies etc.) on a web browser, then content from any URL with the same (1) URI scheme, (2) host name, and (3) port number will share these permissions.
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Security on the web depends on a variety of mechanisms, including an underlying concept of trust known as the same-origin policy. 4.2 Safely validating untrusted HTML input.4.1 Contextual output encoding/escaping of string input.2.3 Server-side versus DOM-based vulnerabilities.Security information and event management (SIEM).Host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS).